An Addendum to Birkhoff's Theorem

In spherically symmetric systems, in spite of Birkhoff's Theorem, the rates of clocks in vacuum regions on either side of moving mass shells must be continually readjusted to stay in synchrony. This shows up as time-dependence of the metric in terms of the globally meaningful time coordinate.     

氯分子束与钛表面激光化学反应动力学

本文采用飞行时间质谱技术测定了在紫外(355nm), 可见(560nm)和近代红外(1064nm)脉冲激光作用下, 氯分子束与Ti表面反应产物的质量分布和速度分布。所得结果表明, 不同波长激光诱导反应的主要产物相同, 有Ti, TiCl, TiCl3和TiCl4。在高能量密度的紫外激光作用下, 首次测得具有很高动能的原生Ti+。各种含Ti氯化物的飞行时间谱, 能满意地用单组分或多组分Maxwell-Boltzmann公式拟合和分析。上述激光诱导气-固表面反应的机理主要由氯分子在Ti表面上的解离吸附,吸附态氯原子在表面上生成TiClx(X=1～4)的连串反应以及激光诱导脱附所组成。近红外激光主要引起热脱附, 而紫外激光的作用还原可能有非热脱附过程。     

^1H弛豫研究具有表面活性的探针: 2-氯-N-十二烷基吡啶盐碘化 物(CDPI)在不 同集合体内的动态行为

本文报道具有表面活性的探针---2-氯-N-十二烷基吡啶盐碘化物(CDPI)的疏水碳氢链在几种包结体(胶束、包结在环糊精(β-CD)中以及包结在甲基直链淀粉(MA))中的^1H核磁弛豫时间。通过比较CDPI中碳氢链的CH~3、(CH~2)~9的T~1及T~1(CH~3)/T~1(CH~2)~9的变化,发现CDPI的运动自由度按下列次序降低:游离态、包结在β-CD中、胶束状态、包结在MA中,顺磁离子Mn^2^+对CDPI内各种质子的T~1的影响随其所处之包结体不同而变化。在胶束和甲基直链淀粉体系中,烷链的T~1几乎均不受Mn^2^+的影响,说明水合Mn^2^+不能进入CDPI胶束或甲基直链淀粉的螺旋内穴。     

混合溶剂中性载体镁离子选择性微电极的研究

用氯化石腊和邻硝基苯辛醚为混合溶剂制备中性载体ETH5214的镁离子选择性微电极,相对于钾离子的电位选择性系数较单独以邻硝基苯辛醚为溶剂的ETH5214镁微电极改善0.9个数量级。在纯MgCl~2和在含细胞内典型离子背景的MgCl~2溶液中,响应斜率为Nernst响应,检测下限分别为4×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3和2×10^-^5mol.dm^-^3。在pH3.5-9.5范围内,氢离子对电极的电位响应无影响。测量的重现性良好。电极的实用响应时间(t~9~5)≤3s,有效寿命长于5天。     

藉时间分辨荧光技术研究氢苊、荧蒽与环糊精的络合过程

用时间分辨荧光技术研究二氢苊、荧蒽与β-环糊精的络合过程以及乙醇分子对络合过程的影响, 观察到它们在环糊精水溶液中有长寿命组份存在. 证明这些分子与环糊精分子发生了络合作用, 并根据荧光衰减曲线的指前因子计算出了它们的络合平衡常数.     

Crystallisation and molecular mobilities in liquid and glassy states of a MXD6 polyamide

The dynamic of molecular mobilities occurring above and below the glass transition of a polyamide called MXD6 have been investigated on samples with different degrees of crystallinity. The fragility index (m) has been evaluated for a fully amorphous material and it was found that m = 180 classifies this material as fragile in regard to the strong-fragile glass forming liquid concept. For semi-crystalline samples, the results show two relaxation processes at the glass transition. One can be attributed to the molecular mobility existing in the free amorphous domain, and the second peak to a molecular mobility existing in a rigid amorphous domain as proposed by the '3-phase model'. The existence of these two phenomena does not allow a correct determination of the fragility index for such semi-crystalline materials by means of calorimetric investigation.     

Time Multidimension in Gravity

The influence of possible additional (hidden) components of time on a body's motion in the field of a gravitational wave is considered. Contrary to the one-time theory, oscillations of the body height and width sizes in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation occur independently from one another. This peculiarity can be used for the experimental check of emission of gravitational waves with distinct time trajectories in cosmic cataclysms. An interesting analogy between electromagnetic and gravitation quantities is discussed in the context of time multidimension.     

MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION IN PTFE AS A FUNCTION OF MELT TIME AND TEMPERATURE Ⅱ. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FOLDED CHAIN SINGLE CRYSTALS AND BAND STRUCTURES

The effect of sintering dispersed and bulk, low molecular weight (Mn = 50,000 Da), nano-emulsion polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles near their melting point is described. With the nascent particles consisting of ca.75 nm diameter, hexagonal, single crystals, sintering at, e.g., 350℃, results, initially, in merger of neighboring particles,followed by individual molecular motion on the substrate and the formation of folded chain, lamellar single crystals and spherulites, and on-edge ribbons. It is suggested these structures develop, with time, in the mesomorphic "melt". Sintering of the bulk resin yields extended chain, band structures, as well as folded chain lamellae; end-surface to end-surface merger,possibly by end-to-end polymerization, occurs with increasing time.     

VARIATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION CROSSLINKED RUBBER WITH STORAGE TIME

The effect of storage on physico-chemical properties of non-irradiated natural rubber and radiation vulcanized natural rubber （RVNR） were evaluated. The rubber films were stored under two different conditions, namely in open air and sealed polyethylene bags. The antioxidant, tris（nonylated phenyl） phosphite （TNPP） was used for preventing degradation of RVNR films. Gel content, cross-link density, tensile strength at break and 500% elongation of rubber films were measured. The results show that the retention （%） of tensile properties of rubber films with TNPP is higher than that of rubber films without antioxidants. The rubber films stored in polyethylene bags also show better retention of tensile properties than those of rubber films stored in open air.     

共线量子散射方法研究D+CID体系

用共线量子散射方法计算D+CID体系的反应几率和传能几率。发现存在很强的振荡现象。体系的碰撞中间态的寿命的计算结果为fs-ps数量级。当某一反应通道打开时,在能量阈值附近通常都伴随着一些长寿命的碰撞中间态。这一点该体系中表现很比较明显。